STATE OF DECAY 2 CHANGE BASE SERIES

We focus on the Main Silicics phase, which contains some of the largest known silicic eruptions on Earth, with an estimated minimum total eruptive volume of ~8600вЂ‰km 3 DRE emplaced in present-day Yemen and Ethiopia over a period from 29.7 to 29.5вЂ‰Ma 1, 9.

The Northern Yemen section has excellent exposure and well-characterized stratigraphic relationships from field mapping, paleomagnetic studies, and correlations with distal deep sea co-ignimbrite ash deposits 8, 9, 12, while the Ethiopian section has been extensively faulted from active rifting with significant erosion around the volcanic plateau margin 13.

The Main Silicics phase saw the rapid emplacement of seven silicic pyroclastic units and the Upper Bimodal phase includes small-volume basaltic and rhyolitic eruptions 9. The Main Basalts phase is characterized by effusive basaltic volcanism and volumetrically represents 60вЂ“70% of the total erupted volume of Afro-Arabian lavas 9, 11. 1) has been divided into three phases based on field observations, whole-rock geochemical correlations, and 40Ar/ 39Ar dating 8, 9, 10: Main Basalts (31вЂ“29.7вЂ‰Ma), Main Silicics (29.7вЂ“29.5вЂ‰Ma), and Upper Bimodal (29.6вЂ“27.7вЂ‰Ma). Oligocene volcanism in Northern Yemen (Fig.

STATE OF DECAY 2 CHANGE BASE SERIES

The Northern Yemen section of the Afro-Arabian LIP is an ideal testbed for using high-precision 206Pb/ 238U zircon dating to quantify the long-term volumetric extrusive rate of a series of flood volcanic eruptions, with three silicic supereruptions (10 15вЂ‰kg or ~450вЂ‰km 3 of magma 6, 7) occurring within a 70вЂ“310вЂ‰kyr timeframe at ca. The silicic component of LIPs is largely understudied relative to their mafic counterpart and long-term rates of silicic magma generation have important implications for the energy budget and thermal evolution of the Earth. Although LIPs are generally considered to represent the most productive magmatic systems on Earth 4, uncertainty about volume estimates and imprecise or inaccurate age data for individual events preclude robust estimates of magma flux and volcanic output 1, 5. Many of the largest silicic eruptions on Earth occur in large igneous provinces (LIPs), with total eruptive volumes often exceeding 1000вЂ‰km 3 dense rock equivalent (DRE) for individual events (e.g., ~132вЂ‰Ma ParanГЎ-Etendeka, ~30вЂ‰Ma Afro-Arabia, ~1.6вЂ‰Ga Gawler Range), which are likely to be emplaced in rapid succession 1, 2, 3.

State of decay 2 change base